Showing posts with label Work and Employment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Work and Employment. Show all posts

Business Profile: Grove Gardens, Grove St., Worcester, MA

My grandmothr's sister, Helen Bulak

(Digital Images, Photographs Privately Held by Cynthia Shenette; Photographs and Text Copyright (c) 2016 Cynthia Shenette.) My grandparents, Adolf Szerejko and Antonina (Bulak) Szerejko, immigrated to the United States from Poland in the early part of the 20th century, and from the early 1900s until 1940 they lived in the predominantly Polish Vernon Hill section of the city.

My grandparents were fantastic gardeners and gardened extensively in the small backyard of their three-decker on Fairfax Rd.  You can see their garden here.  While they loved their home on Fairfax Rd. they dreamt of living someplace where they could expand their garden, possibly into a business they would both enjoy after my grandfather retired from his job as a machinist at Leland-Gifford.

Peach tree blossoms, spring 1949

In 1940 my grandparents purchased a home on Grove St. in Worcester.  It's hard to imagine today, but in 1940 Grove St. was a narrower, tree-lined thoroughfare on the rural outskirts of the city.  The house was situated on four acres of land adjacent to the small pond on the opposite side of the road to Indian Lake. The land and the house were previously owned by descendants of the Horace Thayer family, and in 1940 Horace's son Charles still owned and operated the dairy farm next door..  

My grandmother, Antonina (Bulak) Szerejko, spring 1949?

My grandparents' vision was long-range.  The plan was to build and work their business over time, so it would be a viable business once my grandfather retired at age 65.  They planted apple trees and cherry trees and peach trees.  In the spring there were lilacs and forsythia bushes and pussy willows. In the summer there were zinnias and peonies and gladiolas.  In the fall there were chrysanthemums. They grew their own vegetables and my grandmother canned the produce.  They sold flowers to friends, neighbors, and anyone else who wanted flowers.  According to the Worcester city directories, Grove Gardens was listed in the city directories from 1941 to 1959 in the individual listings and sometimes under florists in the business section of the directory.

Auntie Helen Bulak, spring 1949

It's kind of amazing when you look at the color in these photos. They were taken in the 1949 and 1950.  I scanned Kodachrome slides and did a wee bit of retouching, but the color is essentially in the original condition.  Compared to other types of film there's nothing like the staying power of Kodachrome.  I also have some slides of Grove Gardens in Anscochrome, but they can't compare in brilliance and color clarity to the Kodachrome.

My grandfather, Adolf Szerejko, spring 1949

My grandparents did the work themselves with occasional help from their kids--son Robert, daughter (and my mom) Christine, and daughter Helene.  Once my parents were married and visiting from where they lived when my dad was stationed in Newport, Rhode Island, my dad would help my grandfather with some of the work around the property.  When my dad retired after 20 plus years in the military he decided to go to the Stockbridge School of Agriculture and eventually became a well regarded Worcester area landscaper.  I can't help but believe a large part of that was due to his time helping out around Grove Gardens.



My grandmother was incredibly proud of her rock garden which was behind the fireplace in the photo above.  She use to tell me about when she raised tiny alpine flowers that she ordered specially through the mail. When I was a kid much of the rock garden was past it's prime and overgrown, but I still loved picking the red, yellow, and pink tulips and the purple grape hyacinth and bright blue glory of the snow and scilla.  I also use to love sitting in the crook of the apple tree to the right reading a book.

Spring 1949

I love the photo above.  It's interesting to see the construction of the stone wall which created kind of a sunken garden appearance with the rock garden in back.



My grandmother specialized in perennials and knew the Latin name for every plant.  She was something of a plant expert and even the garden columnist from the local paper would occasionally call to ask for information regarding a plant she was knowledgeable about when he needed information for his column.

September 1949

My grandmother use to joke that people referred to her as "the perennial lady" and my grandfather as the "glad man."  My grandfather use to raise and sell gladiolas.  The photo below is one of my favorite photos of my grandparents.

My grandparents, Adolf Szerejko and Antonina (Bulak) Szerejko and their gladiolas, August 1950

Unfortunately, their dream retirement business was not to be.  My grandfather died unexpectedly four months before his 65th birthday.  After he died my grandmother couldn't maintain the property by herself, so she eventually sold three of the four acres and most of the plants.

By the time I remember the property what was once the main part of the garden was an overgrown field. The lilacs were still there.  So were the cherry trees and a poplar tree and the apple trees. Peonies popped up in the field grass where carefully tended rows once lined the garden.  The rock garden remained, but wasn't tended with the same careful precision. We had a large veggie garden on our property, but by the time I remember my grandmother her canning days were over.  She never lost the gardening bug even into her 80s. She was the person who instilled a love of gardening in me.

When I cleaned out my mother's house I found the sign for Grove Gardens in the basement. It ended up in a dumpster, though I do have my grandparents' log books and some letterhead stationary and business cards.  And the photos.  The log books are interesting, because they document the expenditures and income for the business from March 1941 through December 1972.  I feel fortunate to have my  photos, and a local historic preservation society is working on a project researching lost gardens of Worcester, and I plan to contribute copies of my photos and images of materials for their files.  

If you drive by today our old house it's still there, though it doesn't look anything like it use to look. The garden is long gone, and there is a new house on the back property.  No one would ever know that Grove Gardens once existed.  I figure I'm honoring my grandparents and the business they loved so much by writing about them and their garden.  They loved their garden and they loved each other, so I kind of feel that by writing this post some 76 year after they started I'm  keeping the dream alive.



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The Life of a Laundress: Steam Laundry Work in 1908

(Copyright (c) 2015 Cynthia Shenette) One of my tasks at my library job is to put away closed stack material.  I love it, because I often find interesting stuff that I would never come across otherwise.  Last week I was putting away some closed stack material and came across a volume of the journal Charities, published by The Charity Organization Society, 105 East 22nd St., New York, NY.  Charities was published from 1897-1952 with several name changes over the course of its publication. 

The volume that I looked at had sections on a number of different topics I think might be of interest to genealogists and family historians.  Topics included articles on the following: civic improvement; child labor; communications and conferences; "defectives" and dependents; delinquents; housing; immigration; industrial education; juvenile courts and probation; milk; organized charity; play, playgrounds, and parks; saloons and prohibition; schools; schools of philanthropy; settlements; social forces; tuberculosis; and unemployment. 

While there were a number of articles that I found interesting one in particular caught my eye. "Pittsburgh's Steam Laundry Workers" by Elizabeth Beardsley Butler.  My grandfather's sister, Lena (Chenette / Shenette) Potvin (1882-1961) spent time working in a steam laundry in Worcester, MA from 1909 to 1913.  While the article I read in Charities was specific to Pittsburgh, I'm sure many things about the Pittsburgh article also applied to the way steam laundries were run outside of Pittsburgh as well.


"The modern steam laundry is the latest instance of the routing of a home industry."

Laundry was, as it still is, a constant of everyday life.  Commercial laundries processed laundry from hotels and factories, from railroads and from private homes, with the majority of laundry workers being women. Most laundry workers were young and unskilled and the ones who flourished in the laundry business, if one could possibly flourish in such an environment, had a knack for speed within their assigned task.

Steam laundries had several departments--checking and sorting, washing, mangling, starching, and ironing.  The working conditions varied from department to department, and differences in mental and physical demands called for differences in personnel.

Checkers received a batch of linens and marked each article with the owner's name and sorted into baskets items to be washed separately--colored goods, flat work, shirts, collars, fancy articles, etc. Checkers were the lucky ones in a commercial steam laundry environment.  The job was easier, and they were able to dress better because they didn't need to slave over hot, steamy laundry all day.  A checker was considered to be an "aristocrat" among laundry workers.


"At the preliminary processes of washing, mangling, and starching, place is found for the beginners and the girls of the lowest grade."

The washroom was generally the men's part of the laundry.  Strong men were needed to operate the washing machines which were huge cylinders full of hot water and steaming clothes, though some women were used in the washing room for pieces better done by hand, such as flannel.  Laundry was put in extractors which twisted the clothes and flung the water out of the wet material by centrifugal force, then garments were moved into trucks and wheeled to metal wringers.

Before laundry could be fed into the mangle "shakers-out" untwisted and unknotted the laundry to be fed into the mangle.  Shakers-out tended to be new female workers, young girls, and older women not physically capable of other jobs.  Once the laundry was shaken out, feeders stood at one end of the mangle and pushed the flat goods over the metal apron until the rolls caught them.  Steam heat heated the metal mangle rolls.  


Feeders had the most dangerous job.  By 1908 the mangle had a "guard," small rolls that were hot at the beginning of the mangle to catch the feeder's attention before the feeder's hand was caught in the mangle.  In the past hands and arms were caught, crushed, and maimed in the mangle. Sometimes several girls were needed to feed larger pieces of cloth into the mangle.  Mangle girls were the youngest as the work required the least amount of training.  As a result the pay rates for mangle girls were the lowest.

In the starching room trays of boiling starch were ready for collars, cuffs, and anything else that needed to be starched.  There were three groups of machines--a collar starcher, a shirt bosom starcher, and a band starcher.  The collar girl fed collars or cuffs into the machine that carried the linen by a conyeyor to make contact with rolls immersed in hot starch.  Wipers wiped in starch with their hands.  The starch room machines were largely automatic, with little skill or experience needed.


"No American can stand this.  We have to use Hungarians or other foreigners."

In the ironing room there were long rows of machines.  Each girl was a specialist at her own machine.  She did not iron a whole article, instead she ironed a sleeve or a cuff or a yoke, or perhaps one side of a collar.  There were two different kinds of machines--steam presses and rolls.  A "body ironer" was so difficult one man said he would not hire a girl for the body ironer unless she weighed 180lbs because of the strength and size needed to operate the machine.  With the cuff press machine the whole body of the girl shook with the force she needed to use the machine.  Cuff pressers ironed at the rate of three cuffs a minute which meant twelve of the violent motions each minute for a total of 7,200 treadle pressures a day.  Fancy ironer's worked almost exclusively in women's wear.



"The work's too hard, and you simply can't stand the heat."

Most workers didn't last in a commercial laundry too long.  The emphasis was on speed.  Washroom floors were wet.  Gutters ran under the washing machines to carry off waste, but water still could stand in pools where the floor had sunk in places. There were clouds of steam, inadequate ventilation, and the heat was intolerable, with steam rising from the boilers ten hours a day.  Windows were small, ceilings were low, and fans were few.  In Pittsburgh women made a dollar a day for a ten hour work day.  Laundry owners preferred hiring women, because they could hire two women for the same money they would spend on one man.  Laundry workers had a tendency to get tuberculosis.  All in all, workers generally didn't last long in the industry, four years on average though many didn't make it to two.

So tonight when you go home and decide to toss a load of laundry in before bed, don't complain about having to haul your laundry up and down from the basement or wherever your washer and dryer are located.  Think about how easy you have it compared to your ancestors.  Thankfully, for my dad's Aunt Lena she didn't work in the laundry business all that long.  Eventually, Lena married Joseph Potvin and moved to St. Albans, VT where she operated a beauty shop.  While it probably wasn't exactly picnic cutting ladies' hair and giving perms all day every day, I bet it was still a lot easier than her time working as a "laundress."

Source: Butler, Elizabeth Beardsly. "Pittsburgh's Steam Laundry Workers,"  Charities, 20 (1908): 549-63.



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The Civilian Conservation Corps in New Hampshire (Part 7)

(
(Digital Images. Photographs Privately Held By Cynthia Shenette; Text Copyright (c) 2013 Cynthia Shenette) After three months and almost sixty photos later this is my last post with photos from my dad's CCC album from the dam project he worked on in Campton, New Hampshire.  I knew it was going to take a while to post all of the photos, but I will admit it took a little longer than expected. There are a few vintage postcards in my dad's album from Fort Devens, but my guess is they are easy to find elsewhere on either eBay or the Internet so I won't be taking the the time to post them here, at least for now.

My dad is in the photo below on the scaffolding on the dam.  I was happy to find him in one of the construction photos.  I also found the photo which included the young African American man below interesting.  My impression before seeing this photo was that the CCCs were mostly if not all segregated.  I did a bit of quick research and discovered that the CCCs were integrated at the beginning, but that changed in the later years of the program.  Obviously, I don't know what relationship the young man below had with the other enrollees in his camp but he looks as if he is included in the photo as part of a group of buddies.  I'd like to think that was the case.

It's time to say goodbye to Campton and my time with the CCCs. Again, if you recognized anyone in any of the photos that I've posted over the last three months I'd love to hear from you.  I love to add a name to a face!

Henry Albert Shenette


An Integrated CCC Unit






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The Civilian Conservation Corps in New Hampshire (Part 6) - Wordless Wednesday


(Digital Images. Photographs Privately Held By Cynthia Shenette; Text Copyright (c) 2013 Cynthia Shenette) Here is the latest installment in my series of posts featuring photos from my dad's album from the Civilian Conservation Corps.  My previous posts showed photos which focused more on camp life in the CCCs with only a few photos of the construction of the dam in Campton, New Hampshire.  This post is all about the actual construction of the dam. It's easy to drive by a dam or bridge or public works project of any kind and take the construction of the project for granted.  I think these photos really show some of the labor it took to build the dam, and they are especially poignant when you take into account the young age of the recruits and building methods at the time the dam was built in the 1930s.











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Analyzing A Photo: The Holiday Party

The USDA Worcester (MA) Office Christmas Party, Circa 1947
(Digital Images; Photograph and Card Privately Held By Cynthia Shenette; Text Copyright (c) 2013 Cynthia Shenette)  I hoped to write this post sometime in December, but time got away from me, so rather than wait until next December I decided to make this my first post for 2013 while my research is still fresh in my mind!  It's interesting what you can learn about a photo without knowing much about the context in which it was taken.  Sometimes I find that the story behind a photo is like a little mystery that reveals itself over time; you notice details one day that you didn't see the day before.

My mom, Christine (Szerejko) Shenette is the young woman in the front row standing to the right of the Christmas tree.  Obviously the people in the photo are having a little holiday celebration of some sort, but I no idea who the people were or how they related to my mom's life.  Mom looks quite young in the photo, and the clothing styles in the image seem to date from sometime in the 1940s.  I figured the party might be connected to a church activity, college, or work.  I didn't recognize any of the people in the photo other than my mom so I knew it wasn't a family photo.  The people in the photo are not of college age so I took a guess that the group was probably work related.

In the 1940s Mom worked for two main employers--the ration board in Worcester, MA during World War II and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in the Federal Building (also in Worcester) until she was married in June of 1953.  Last summer when I looked at this photo something jumped out at me.  Look through the window.  What do you see?  Notice the architectural elements on the building across the street? They are pretty distinctive.  I drive by the old Federal Building on my way to the Worcester Public Library all the time, but I don't usually look up. The next time I went to the library I did, and what did I see?  The top of the building on the other side of the street from the Federal Building has the same architectural elements as the building in my photo!  The holiday photo was taken while my mom worked for the USDA!

Once I knew where the photo was taken I took a closer look to see if I could recognize any of the people in the photo.  Sure enough I did!  The woman in the dark dress standing three people to the right of my mom was my mom's friend Shirley (Putnam) Johnson!  I knew Shirley as a much older woman.  I didn't see her all that often and didn't recognize her until I was able to put the photo in the correct context!

I checked the city directories at the library to narrow down the possible date range in which the photo could have been taken.  My mom is first listed as working at the USDA in the 1947 city directory.  She still worked for the ration board in early 1946 when when the 1946 directory was compiled, but most likely changed jobs later that year.  

The photo was taken in the late morning.  Look at the hands on the clock and the Danish on the table!  There is snow on the roof of the building across the street.  I might be able to narrow the date of the photo even further if I check the local weather to see if some of the Decembers between 1946 and 1952 did not have snow before Christmas.  Quite a few people worked for the USDA in the Federal Building, and there were several different regional offices.  See the evergreen corsage my mom has on?  Some of the other ladies in the photo have the same corsage, including Shirley.  I know Shirley worked in the same office as my mom.  I wonder if the ladies with the corsages worked in the same office as well.


My mom stayed in touch with her co-workers after she left the office in 1953.  During the late 1980s and 1990s the group met for lunch twice a year at Rom's restaurant in Sturbridge, MA. Mom said her co-workers were a nice group of people, and they still enjoyed one another's company some forty years later!  Given that she stayed connected all of those years I wondered who some of the other people in the group photo were. Well, didn't I stumble on something in my collection of stuff to help me to figure it out!

When my mom left the office to get married in June of 1953 her co-workers gave her a group wedding gift.  I don't know what the gift was, but I found the card that accompanied the gift in my collection.  All the people who worked with my mom signed the card!  My initial thought was that some of the people who were with the USDA in 1953 might have worked there in the 1940s as well.  Sure enough!  When I looked up the names of the people on the card in the city directories and checked their individual directory listings, I discovered that more than half of the people who signed the card in 1953 worked for the USDA in 1947!


The names on the card are: George W. Mingin, Walter B. Shaw, Shirley Johnson, Charles C. Starr, W. Earl Paddock, Lois Nelson, Irene Davis, Ralph C. Reynolds, Charles W. Turner, "Penny" [Eleanor] Reynis, Mary Lazaro, Val [Valerie] Pyzynski, Fran [Frances] Hesselton, Mary Cassidy, Bill Miller, Leon Marshall, Mildred Thomas, Jean Stewart, Evelyn Lyman, Ken [Kenneth] Boyden, Edna Sommerfeld, Arthur L. Verdi, Robert H. Beisha, Ruth Peterson, Richard H. Clark, Gayland E. Folley, Gardner Norcross, Ruth M. Darling.

I know my mother stayed quite friendly with Shirley and her husband Wallace Johnson for many years.  I also know that my mother was quite friendly with Jean Stewart and Ruth [Ruthie] Peterson and remember meeting them many years ago.  If you know or are related to any of the people listed on my card, recognize any of the people in the photograph or knew someone who worked for the USDA office in Worcester during the 1940s or 1950s I'd love to hear from you!

It really is pretty amazing how much you can find out about something without knowing much at all.  Six months ago the holiday party photo was just another photo lying at the bottom of a box in my collection.  Today it has a nice little holiday story to tell!


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Business Profile: Helen's, 39/41 Millbury St., Worcester, MA

The Rialto Building, Circa 1955
Helen's, 41 Millbury Street, is to the Far Right, Next to Wentworth's Bakery

(Digital Images.  Photographs Privately Held By Cynthia Shenette; Photographs and Text, Copyright (c) 2012 Cynthia Shenette) My grandmother's sister, Helen E. Bulak (1894-1985), was a well regarded member of Worcester's business community for 55 years.  She and her friend, Katherine (Pomianowska) Gralicki, each invested $100 (about $1,526 at today's currency rate) and opened Bulak and Pomianowska, a millinery shop on Millbury St. in Worcester in November of 1918.

Helen and Friends in Hats
Sitting, Left to Right:
Sophie (Kowalewski) Konopka,
Helen Bulak, Antonina (Bulak) Szerejko.
Standing: Unidentified  Friend
Helen learned hat making by taking millinery courses and the business end of things by taking a bookkeeping course at Becker's Business School. She and her partner made hats by hand from horsehair, panne velvet, lacy straw, soft tulles, and flowers.  One hat could consume an entire day's work with the most expensive hats--those decorated with an ostrich feather or bird of paradise plume--priced at the princely sum $50 (the equivalent of $763 in 2012)!

In the early 1920s business boomed and four girls were hired to help in the shop, but by 1927 manufactured hats were the rage.  Handmade hats had lost their popularity, and Katherine Pomianowska, now Katherine Gralicki, retired to stay home with her family. Helen changed the shop's name to the Rialto Dry Goods Company, and she began to focus on selling infants' clothing rather than hats.  By the 1940s Helen made the decision to include women's and girls' apparel, and the name of the shop was permanently changed to Helen's.

For decades Helen worked from 8:30 in the morning until 9 at night Monday through Thursday, from 8:30 to 10 p.m. on Fridays, and from 8:30 until 11 in the evening on Saturdays.  At various points in time my grandmother, Antonina (Bulak) Szerejko, helped out at the store, as did my mother, Christine (Szerejko) Shenette, as did my grandmother and aunt's adopted sister, Rose (Choronzak) Miller, and Rose's sister, Sophie (Choronzak) Shenkowski.  Helen closed the store for a vacation for the first time ever during the summer of 1968!

When Helen started business in the primarily ethnic Millbury St. area, Millbury St. was like Main St. for Worcester's eastern European immigrant community.  She catered to the ethnic population of the Vernon Hill neighborhood.  Helen spoke Polish, of course, but also understood and could communicate in enough of the other languages spoken in the neighborhood--Yiddish, Lithuanian, Russian--to be popular with her wide customer base.

Helen's was located in the Rialto Building, which still exists on Millbury St. The Rialto Building housed a movie theater, the Rialto Theater, in the center and businesses on either side.  I remember going to the store when I was very little.  There was a pool hall that was located in the building upstairs, and I could occasionally hear the crack of pool balls when I was in the back room of my aunt's shop!  Whenever I visited "Auntie's store" with my mom and my grandmother Aunt Helen let me take sales from customers and operate handle-crank cash register!  I also loved playing behind the counter and sliding the doors underneath the cases where merchandise was stored!

Helen retired after 55 years in business on October 30, 1973 at the age of 79.  A brief newspaper notice upon her retirement quotes Helen as saying, "I loved my work, and I loved my customers, and I'm going to miss it all." She also knew that Worcester was changing.  In another quote she reflected, "But times have changed, and the street has changed, and I know it's time for me to go."

Submitted for the 120th edition of the Carnival of Genealogy.


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Happy Labor Day!

My grandfather, Adolf Szerejko, at work sometime in the 1950s.
(Original Image and Text, Copyright (c) 2011 Cynthia Shenette)

Happy Labor Day everyone! Enjoy your day off, and get some rest!


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